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niobium pentoxide
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Niobium pentoxide is the inorganic compound with the formula Nb2O5. It is a colourless insoluble solid that is fairly unreactive. It is the main precursor to all materials made of niobium, the dominant application being alloys, but other specialized applications include capacitors, lithium niobate, and optical glasses.〔Francois Cardarelli (2008) ''Materials Handbook'' Springer London ISBN 978-1-84628-668-1〕
==Structure==
It has many polymorphic forms all based largely on octahedrally coordinated niobium atoms.〔Wells A.F. (1984) ''Structural Inorganic Chemistry'' 5th edition Oxford Science Publications ISBN 0-19-855370-6〕 The polymorphs are identified with a variety of prefixes. 〔 〔 The form most commonly encountered is monoclinic H-Nb2O5 which has a complex structure, with a unit cell containing 28 niobium atoms and 70 oxygen, where 27 of the niobium atoms are octahedrally coordinated and one tetrahedrally.〔The crystal structure of the high temperature form of niobium pentoxide B. M. Gatehouse and A. D. Wadsley Acta Cryst. (1964). 17, 1545-1554 〕 There is an uncharacterised solid hydrate, Nb2O5.''n''H2O, the so-called niobic acid (previously called columbic acid), which can be prepared by hydrolysis of a basic solution of niobium pentachloride or Nb2O5 dissolved in HF.〔D.A. Bayot and M.M. Devillers, ''Precursors routes for the preparation of Nb based multimetallic oxides'' in Progress in Solid State Chemistry Research, Arte M. Newman, Ronald W. Buckley, (2007),Nova Publishers, ISBN 1-60021-313-8〕
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